Ruimtelijke Planning

Prae-advies voor het Congres over Maatschappelijke Planning, dat onder leiding van het Instituut voor Sociaal Onderzoek van het Nederlandsche Volk op 11 October 1947 te Amsterdam zal plaats vinden.     

Responsible chain management: a capability assessment framework

In recent years, increased attention has been paid to issues of responsibility across the entire product lifecycle. Responsible behaviour of organizations in the product chain is dependent on the actions of other parties such as suppliers and customers. Only through co‐operation and close interaction between the different parties involved is it possible to come to a specified form of responsible chain management. Drawing on stakeholder theory and literature on the resource‐based view of the firm, this article presents a framework for assessing the organizational capabilities of responding to claims from internal and external parties. Interpretations of stakeholder interests, integration into business processes, monitoring these processes, and communication with stakeholders are the central processes in this framework. The application of this framework to three cases of responsible chain management illustrates the functioning of the framework as a tool for assessing organizational capabilities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment     

Signaalstroomdiagrammen en Markov-ketens

The transient behavior of a simple two-state discrete Markov process can be studied by means of matrix-multiplication and z-transformations.
For linear systems the output is equal to the convolution of the input and the impulse response of the system. By taking z-transforms the convolution can be avoided: the transform of the output is equal to the transform of the input multiplied by the transform of the impulse response of the system.
The signal flow graph method is the transformation of the matrix-method of solving a system of simultaneous equations in a topological method.
The simple two-state discrete Markov process can be represented by such a flow graph and it is shown how to simplify this flow graph step by step. Taking as input the unit-impulse at time zero, the output of this system at time n turns out to be the n-step transition-probability.
The results for the transmission in a network are mentioned (Mason and Zimmermann [8]). With these results it is possible to give at once the n-step transition probability of a system without first simplifying the flow graph.
Building on this result signal flow graphs can be used to determine the chance to be for the first time in a certain state, the average number of times a system is in a certain state and the chance to reach a certain state for the first time before another state of the system has been reached.
Finally the results are extended to continuous Markov processes.     

Optimal legal standards in negligence-based liability rules

Summary Making use of the neoclassical production-function approach, four negligence-based liability rules are analysed in a noncooperative game,viz: The negligence rule, strict liability with contributory negligence, negligence with contributory negligence and strict liability with dual contributory negligence. The most remarkable result is that with the last two rules in force the socially optimal can also be attained in some situations in which only one of the two necessary legal standards of negligence (for the victim and for the injurer) is set at the socially optimal level.     

Complete and Partial Organizing for Corporate Social Responsibility

This paper investigates different modes of organizing for corporate social responsibility (CSR). Based on insights from organization theory, we theorize two ways to organize for CSR. “Complete” organization for CSR happens within businesses and depends on the availability of certain organizational elements (e.g., membership, hierarchy, rules, monitoring, and sanctioning). By contrast, “partial” organization for CSR happens when organizers do not have direct access to all these organizational elements. We discuss partial organization for CSR by analyzing how standards and cross-sector partnerships make selective use of organizational elements. We maintain that an important feature of the increasing institutionalization of CSR—not only within businesses but also among non-governmental, governmental, and professional actors—is the rise of partial forms of organization. We discuss the contributions to this Special Issue in the context of our theorization of complete/partial organization for CSR and outline avenues for further research.